Malic acid yog ib txwm muaj tshwm sim orginic acid dav tam sim no hauv ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.Ntau ntau cov hmoov acid hmoovyog siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, tshuaj pleev ib ce, cov tshuaj, thiab cov ntawv thov. Tab sis muaj lus nug txog seb MICIC acid muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Malic acid (iupac Npe: 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid) muaj cov mis molecular c4h6o5. Nws muaj ob pawg carboxyl (-Cooh) thiab pab pawg hydroxyl (-h), faib nws ua alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Nws tshwm sim raws li ob lub suab paj nruag, l-malic acid (yog qhov tshwm sim ib txwm muaj) thiab d-malic acid (tsawg thiab hluavtaws).
Cov qauv molecular yog:
Hooc-Ch2-Ch (Oh) -Coo -Cooh
Tej hmoov av malic acid hmoov yog dej-soluble, crystalline, thiab muaj qab qaub saj. Nws ua raws li cov khoom noj acidulant hauv cov zaub mov thiab dej haus.
Tshwm sim
Malic acid yog ib txwm muaj tshwm sim hauv ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, txiv hmab, txiv ntoo, pears, thiab txiv ntseej, thiab txiv ntseej. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov xeeb ceem ntawm ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Malic acid kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv cov txiv lws suav thiab cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm thaum lub sij hawm fermentation cov txheej txheem xws li winemaking thiab brewing. Hauv tib neeg cov metabolism, Malic acid ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ib nrab hauv Krebs lub voj voog, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim hluav taws xob cellular. Guanjie Biotech muab cov hmoov av zoo ua rau muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo, muab cov nqi sib tw zoo nkauj rau kev lag luam thiab cov ntawv thov lag luam.
Kev pov thawj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb
Tej hmoov av malic acid hmoov tau kawm dav dav los ntsuas nws kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv hauv cov zaub mov, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg. Muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg lom, suav nrog kev soj ntsuam tsiaj, hauv cov ntaub ntawv vitro, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg, txhawb nws cov kev nyab xeeb profile.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Sib Tw
• Mob kuab lom:
Kev tshawb nrhiav tsiaj ua rau cov nas tau pom tias matic acid nthuav tawm cov tshuaj lom tsawg. Lub qhov ncauj LD50 (ua kom tau txais koob tshuaj kom tuag tau los tua 50% ntawm cov kev xeem) hauv kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj 3,000 mg / kg lub cev tsis tshua pom hauv cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj. Qib no ntawm kev nyab xeeb txhawb nws cov kev siv thoob plaws hauv cov neeg siv khoom.
• Subchronic thiab Mob Phem Foxicity:
Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ua Kom Zoo rau hauv Malic Acid tau pom tias thaum muaj kev phom sij, tsis muaj lub cev muaj kev phom sij, tus cwj pwm ntawm lub cev, lossis cov kab mob ntawm cov tsiaj hauv cov tsiaj. Cov kev tshawb pom no qhia tau tias ntau cov hmoov acid hmoov tsis tau khaws rau hauv lub cev lossis ua rau muaj kev lom zem hauv lub cev.
• Genotoxicity thiab Carcinogenicity:
Tej hmoov av malic acid hmoov tau meej heev nyob rau hauv cov qauv kev sim, suav nrog cov kev xeem aberoxic thiab chromosomal kev xeem, thiab xwm yeem rov ua tau cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo. Cov txiaj ntsim no qhia tau tias malic acid tsis ua kev puas tsuaj lossis ua rau muaj kev sib hloov caj ces. Ib qho ntxiv, kev tshawb nrhiav ntev hauv cov tsiaj tau pom tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm carcinogenicity, ntxiv ntxiv kev nyab xeeb thaum noj sab nraud thaum noj sab nraud [6].
• Kev ua me nyuam thiab kev txhim kho toxicity:
Kev tshawb nrhiav tsiaj soj ntsuam qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm malic acid on kev luam thiab me nyuam loj hlob qhia tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Ntawm Doseses xav txog kev noj haus raug mob lossis cov tshuaj txhuam hniav ntxiv nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm lossis ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv.
Tib Neeg Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Thaum tib neeg cov kev tshawb fawb lom neeg lom neeg muaj tsawg, muaj cov pov thawj hauv tsev kho mob pab tau xaus tias Malic acid muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg siv.
• Kev noj zaub mov kom tau txais:
Tib neeg ib txwm nyiam malic acid ib txwm los ntawm kev noj haus, tshwj xeeb yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li txiv hmab, txiv hmab, thiab txiv ntseej. Nws kuj tseem muaj ntxiv rau cov zaub mov ua kom tiav thiab dej haus ua cov tsw tau yooj yim thiab acidulant. Cov kev noj zaub mov ntev ntev no tau cuam tshuam nrog kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb.
• Pab Txhawb Nqa Ntxiv:
Hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam, bulkal malic acid hmoov feem ntau suav nrog ua ib feem ntawm magnesium Malate. Cov no tau siv hauv kev sim cuam tshuam nrog cov tib neeg uas muaj fibromyalgia lossis mob ntev zog syndrome. Cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj txij li 1.2 txog 2.4 grams tauj ib hnub tau ua siab ntev, tsis muaj kev phom sij muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo. Cov tsos mob plab zom mov me me tau sau tseg tab sis tsis muaj nyob rau tiam sis tsis muaj nyob hauv [7].
• Cov ntaub ntawv thov:
Hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, ntau lub malic acid hmoov yog muaj nuj nqis rau nws cov khoom siv exfoliating thiab pH-tswj cov khoom. Cov neeg siv feem ntau zam nws zoo, tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom yaug-off. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv tawm-ntawm cov qauv, tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kev sib tw ntau dua, qee tus neeg - cov tawv nqaij rhiab, liab, lossis plev. Cov teebmeem no feem ntau hloov chaw thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev ua raws li cov lus qhia kev siv tau pom zoo.
Kev nqus tau, cov metabolism, thiab lub luag haujlwm biochemical
Thaum ingested, bulkal malic acid hmoov yog ntse nqus tau los ntawm cov plab zom mov thiab metabolized tsuas yog cov nqaij daim tawv thiab cov nqaij. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov citric acid (Krenbs) lub voj voog, qhov uas nws hloov dua siab tshiab hauv kev tsim cov ATP, lub cev thawj lub zog hluav taws xob.
Vim tias Malic acid yog ib txwm nyob hauv lub cev thiab koom nrog txoj kev tseem ceeb metabolic, nws yog feem ntau yog kev nyab xeeb thaum noj cov khoom noj ib txwm muaj los yog khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv.
Kev tswj hwm cov xwm txheej ntawm malic acid
Tej hmoov nplej muric acid hmoov tau ua kom zoo los ntawm kev nyab xeeb khoom noj thiab kev noj qab haus huv thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Ntxiv
• United States May Food and Draw Kev Tswj Xyuas (FDA):
FDA cais malic acid raws feem ntau tau lees paub tias muaj kev nyab xeeb (gras) thaum siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov raws li kev ua lag luam zoo. Qhov kev faib tawm no txhais tau tias cov kws txawj xav mem acid muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm nws cov kev siv ntev los yog txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb ntawm scientific [1]. Bulk Malic acid hmoov feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom qab, thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus, cov khoom xyaw, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo npaj.
• Cov neeg muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv nroog European (EFSA):
Hauv European Union, malic acid yog pom zoo rau siv ua khoom noj ntxiv nyob rau hauv kev tsim qauv e296. [2] EFSA tau ntsuas nws txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab txiav txim siab tias nws siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj ntawm cov qib tswj tau tsis yog kev pheej hmoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Cov qib tso cai sib txawv raws li cov zaub mov qeb, tab sis tag nrho, EFSA txoj kev ntsuam xyuas lees paub qhov kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv kev txhim kho kom zoo thiab khaws cia.
• Ob leeg fae / uas tus kws tshaj lij pab pawg ntawm cov khoom noj ntxiv (Jecfa):
Jecfa, kev pab tswv yim kev tshawb fawb hauv lub cev ua ke ua ke los ntawm cov zaub mov thiab kev ua liaj ua teb (tus) thiab lub ntiaj teb kev nyab xeeb ntawm ntau cov kua qaub. Pawg neeg pab pawg tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom noj-qib makic acid thiab xaus lus tias nws tuaj yeem siv tau ua khoom noj ntxiv. Tsis muaj lej siv tau cov kev siv txhua hnub (ADI) tau teeb tsa, qhia txog kev tshawb fawb toxicological tsis tau pom muaj kev txhawj xeeb txawm tias nyob rau qib siab.
Tshuaj pleev cov xim ua kom zoo nkauj
Tej hmoov av malic acid hmoov yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev thiab cov khoom siv menyuam yaus, AHA) rau kev ua kom tawv nqaij, Phe kev cai, thiab noo noo khaws cia. Cov koom haum tswj hwm ib puag ncig lub ntiaj teb & European Commission, thiab cov tub ceev xwm hauv cov tebchaws xws li Canada, Nyiv, thiab Australia tso cai rau nws siv hauv Tshuaj Pleev [5].
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau kev nyab xeeb, cov txheej txheem feem ntau pom zoo kom txwv ntawm ntau cov qauv acid hmoov nyob rau hauv tawm-ntawm cov qauv tshuaj ntsuab (nyiam noj mov) kom tsis muaj ntau tshaj 10% [7] [7]. Qhov kev txwv no yuav pab txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij khaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tib neeg muaj tawv nqaij rhiab. Txog cov khoom yaug-off, cov khoom siv ntau dua yuav zam.
Ntxiv
Malic Acid tseem siv tau hauv kev ua ke rau kev noj haus ntxiv, feem ntau ua ke nrog magnesium los ua cov malate magnesium [8] [9]. Qhov no sib xyaw no muaj feem ntau tau txhawb rau nws cov txiaj ntsig tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv kev txhawb zog metabolism thiab universing leeg rog. Kev tswj hwm lub cev pom mulic acid li kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg kev noj haus thaum noj li cov koob tshuaj pom zoo. Tsis muaj cov kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb tau tshaj tawm hauv kev tshawb fawb lossis cov tshuaj lom, ua rau nws pom muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig dav.
Yog malic acid muaj kev nyab xeeb?
Raws li kev tshawb fawb dav dav, kev cai tswj kev cai, thiab kev siv thoob plaws, kev siv tshuaj pleev thiab cov koob tshuaj zoo rau hauv cov koob tshuaj thiab ntau yam.
• Nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov:
Muaj kev nyab xeeb raws li cov tsw ntxiv thiab kua qaub tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qib kev noj haus zoo.
• Hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce:
Muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab cov tawv nqaij txias thiab tawv nqaij, muab cov lus qhia txog kev tsim cov lus qhia tau ua raws li cov kev npau taws tsawg.
• Hauv kev pab:
Feem ntau muaj kev nyab xeeb, tab sis koob tshuaj yuav ua rau muaj kev phiv tsis zoo me me.
• Zuag qhia tag nrho:
Tej hmoov nplej malic acid hmoov yog lub ntuj, kev kawm zoo sau nrog cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog nyab xeeb.
Yog tias koj yog lub chaw tsim khoom lag luam skinfare, Guanjie Biotech muab cov tshuaj ntshiab ua hmoov av. Peb muab cov hmoov av zoo ua hmoov. Peb nyob ntawm no los txhawb koj cov kev xav tau hauv qab. Thiab txais tos los nug txoginfo@gybiotech.com.
Ntawv Sawv cev
[1] Us Khoom Noj Khoom Haus thiab Tshuaj Yeeb (FDA). "Kev Ceeb Toom Gras rau Malic acid." FDA Gras cov tshuaj (Scogs) database.
[2] European Cov Neeg Europe Kev Nyab Xeeb (EFSA) Vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov khoom noj ntxiv rau cov khoom noj (ors). " EFSA Journal 2017; 15 (3): 4767.
[3] Koom Tes Nrog FAO / Leej twg tus kws tshaj lij pab pawg ntawm cov khoom noj ntxiv (Jecfa). "Kev ntsuam xyuas qee cov zaub mov muaj cov zaub mov thiab cov khoom noj." LEEJ TWG SIV COV LUS QHIA SERIES 1000, 2017.
[4] Matsushima Y., li al. (1995) "Kev tshuaj xyuas kev lom zem ntawm malic acid hauv nas." Cov zaub mov thiab tshuaj lom neeg toxicology, 33 (6), 511-519.
[5] OECD cov lus qhia rau kev sim tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj. "Mob siab rau qhov ncauj - mob kuab lom txoj kev." Oecd TG 423, 2002.
[6] Kamel A., li al. (2004) "Kev tshawb fawb genotoxicity ntawm malic acid." Kev tshawb fawb sib hloov, 556 (1-2), 101-109.
[7] Berchardt, RT, li al. (2009) "Kev nqus thiab cov metabolism ntawm malic acid hauv tib neeg." Phau Ntawv Xov Xwm ntawm Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Biochemistry, 20 (7), 491-497.
[8] Tshuaj pleev ib ce kom hniav kev tshuaj xyuas (CIR) vaj huam sib luag. (2010) "Kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm alpha hydroxy acids raws li siv hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce." Cov ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb ntawm toxicology, 29 (4), 13s-34s.
[9] Roberts, M. (2016) "Cov tawv nqaij khaus khaus ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab malic accmetic formulations." Dermatology tshaj tawm, 8 (1), 6572.