Nervonic acid NAyog ib tug ntev - saw monounsaturated fatty acid. Nws belongs rau qeb ntawm Ntev heev -Chain Fatty Acids. Raws li cov tswv cuab tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsev neeg fatty acid, nervonic acid synthesis nyob ntawm lwm cov fatty acid precursors, thiab nws plays lub luag hauj lwm irreplaceable nyob rau hauv lub myelin sheath qauv ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb. Dab tsi yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm nervonic acid thiab fatty acids?
Dab tsi yog Kev Sib Raug Zoo Ntawm Nervonic Acid Thiab Fatty Acids?
Txoj hauj lwm ntawm Nervonic Acid hauv Fatty Acid
Fatty acids yog cov organic tebchaw tsim los ntawm hydrocarbon chains thiab terminal carboxyl pawg. Raws li carbon saw ntev, fatty acids tau muab faib ua luv- saw fatty acids (C2-C6), nruab nrab- chain fatty acids (C8-C14), ntev- chain fatty acids (C16-C18), thiab ntev-chain fatty acids (C16-C18), thiab ntev-chain fatty acids (C16-C18). Nervonic acid muaj 24 carbon atoms, faib nws raws li ib tug ntev-soj saw fatty acid.
Raws li kev tsis txaus ntseeg, cov roj ntsha fatty acids tau muab faib ua cov roj fatty acids (tsis muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus), monounsaturated fatty acids (muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus), thiab polyunsaturated fatty acids (muaj ob lossis ntau dua ob daim ntawv cog lus). Nervonic acid muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm 15th thiab 16th carbon atoms hauv nws cov saw hlau. Yog li, nws raug cais raws li monounsaturated fatty acid.
Raws li txoj hauj lwm ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus, monounsaturated fatty acids tau muab faib ntxiv rau hauv ω-9 series (ob daim ntawv cog lus nyob nruab nrab ntawm 9th thiab 10th carbons suav los ntawm methyl kawg) thiab ω-7 series, thiab lwm yam. Qhov ob daim ntawv cog lus txoj hauj lwm ntawm nervonic acid yog Δ15, uas yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 9th thiab 10th carbons; Yog li ntawd, nws belongs rau ω-9 monounsaturated fatty acid qeb. Lwm cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg no suav nrog oleic acid thiab erucic acid.
Cov kev sib raug zoo saum toj no tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yog: nervonic acid → ntev -chain fatty acids → monounsaturated fatty acids → ω-9 fatty acids.
Biosynthetic Pathway ntawm Nervonic Acid
Lub synthesis ntawm nervonic acid nyob rau hauv cov kab mob tsis tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej tab sis nyob ntawm cov carbon saw elongation thiab desaturation tshua ntawm ntev - chain fatty acids. Txoj kev hluavtaws muaj ob theem.
Kauj Ruam 1: Hloov ntawm Oleic Acid rau Erucic Acid
Oleic acid (18:1Δ9) yog qhov luv tshaj - cov tswv cuab ntawm cov ω-9 fatty acid tsev neeg thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov nervonic acid. Catalyzed los ntawm ib qho endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound fatty acid elongase complex, oleic acid undergoes ob sib law liag cov saw elongation tshwm sim:
Oleic acid (18: 1Δ9) yog elongated los ntawm elongase los tsim eicosenoic acid (20: 1Δ11).
Eicosenoic acid yog ntxiv elongated los tsim erucic acid (22: 1Δ13).
Theem 2: Elongation ntawm Erucic Acid rau Nervonic Acid
Erucic acid (22: 1Δ13) yog catalyzed los ntawm fatty acid elongase complex, uas ntxiv ob carbon atoms ntawm lub carboxyl terminus los tsim nervonic acid (24: 1Δ15). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv elongation no yuav tsum tau malonyl-CoA ua ob-carbon pub thiab tso siab rau txo coenzyme II (NADPH) kom txo lub zog.
Cov txheej txheem metabolic saum toj no qhia tau hais tias biosynthesis ntawm nervonic acid ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov roj fatty acids xws li oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, thiab erucic acid. Yog hais tias cov khoom ntawm oleic acid nyob rau hauv lub cev tsis txaus, los yog yog hais tias cov kev ua ntawm fatty acid elongation enzymes yog inhibited, lub synthesis flux ntawm nervonic acid yuav txo qis heev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qee yam kab mob (xws li qee cov nroj tsuag thiab kab mob) muaj lwm txoj hauv kev, uas yog lub cim ntawm nervonic acid los ntawm elongation ntawm erucic acid; Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg hauv cov ntaub so ntswg mammalian.
Muaj nuj nqi Nervonic Acid hauv Fatty Acid
Nervonic acid tsis yog ubiquitous nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov fatty acid metabolic pas dej ua ke, tab sis, theej exhibits heev tshwj xeeb cov ntaub so ntswg tis thiab functional orientation. Hauv cov tsiaj nyeg, nervonic acid feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam dawb ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb, tshwj xeeb hauv cov sphingomyelin molecules ntawm myelin sheath.
Sphingomyelin muaj cov pob txha sphingosine, lub taub hau phosphocholine, thiab fatty acid tail. Nervonic acid yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov fatty acid tail ntawm sphingomyelin. Nws lub ultra- ntev carbon saw (24 carbons) endows sphingomyelin molecules nrog cov khoom hauv qab no:
● Ua kom cov tuab ntawm cov lipid bilayer yog qhov zoo rau kev ua haujlwm insulating ntawm myelin sheath.
● Kev txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov lipid rafts ua kom yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov proteins uas cuam tshuam rau cov paj hlwb transduction.
● Kev tswj qhov khoov nruj ntawm daim nyias nyias kom hloov mus rau qhov geometry ntawm axon.
Los ntawm kev xav txog kev sib txuas hauv metabolic, nervonic acid muaj ob qho tib si kev sib tw thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov fatty acids. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm myelin synthesis, C24: 1 (nervonic acid) thiab C24: 0 (ligninic acid, ib tug saturated ultra-ntev- chain fatty acid) sib koom ua ke hauv kev tsim kho ntawm sphingomyelin, thiab lawv qhov sib piv cuam tshuam qhov fluidity ntawm myelin sheath. Tsis tas li ntawd, nervonic acid thiab docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22: 6ω-3) muaj kev faib tawm sib txawv hauv cov ntaub so ntswg neuronal: nervonic acid feem ntau nyob hauv myelin sheath, thaum DHA feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub synaptic membrane thiab extracellular ntu ntawm rod cells.
Nervonic Acid thiab Lwm Cov Fatty Acids hauv Kab Mob
Ntau qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm fatty acid metabolism tsis zoo tau qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nervonic acid thiab lwm cov fatty acids. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), cov neeg mob pom qhov txawv txav ntawm saturated ntev - chain fatty acids (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog C24: 0 thiab C26: 0), thaum cov qib nervonic acid kuj txo qis. Hauv kev kuaj mob, plasma C24: 0 / C24: 1 piv thiab C26: 0 / C22: 0 piv yog cov qauv biomarkers rau ALD.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub paj hlwb ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj ntau yam sclerosis, nervonic acid theem yog 30% -50% qis dua nyob rau hauv kev noj qab haus huv tswj, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lwm yam ntev-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (xws li oleic acid) qhia tsis muaj kev hloov tseem ceeb. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias nervonic acid muaj qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov txheej txheem pathological ntawm demyelination.
Los ntawm kev saib xyuas ntxiv, kev noj cov tshuaj exogenous nervonic acid tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov fatty acid elongation enzymes, yog li txo cov synthesis ntawm endogenous saturated ntev - chain fatty acids. Cov txheej txheem no tau raug lees paub hauv qee cov tsiaj qauv ntawm cov kab mob neurodegenerative, tab sis cov koob tshuaj tiag tiag - kev sib raug zoo hauv tib neeg tseem xav tau kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam ntxiv kom paub meej.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv High- zooNervonic Acid?
Raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nervonic acid thiab fatty acids, B2B cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no thaum xaiv cov khoom siv nervonic acid:
• Purity Txhais:
Paub meej tias tus nqi purity muab los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom yog hais txog qhov feem pua ntawm cov nervonic acid methyl esters hauv tag nrho cov fatty acid methyl esters (FAME purity) lossis feem pua ntawm cov nervonic acid dawb hauv tag nrho cov lipid extract. Qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig no tuaj yeem yog 10% -20%.
• Associated Fatty Acid Profile:
Thov kom tus neeg muag khoom muab tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov roj fatty acids uas tsis yog nervonic acid, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm C22: 1 (erucic acid), C24: 0 (lignoceric acid), thiab C18: 2 (linoleic acid).
• Oxidative Stability:
Thov kom tus neeg muag khoom muab peb qhov ntsuas -peroxide tus nqi, acid tus nqi, thiab p-anisidine tus nqi- tsis yog ib qho ntawm lawv xwb.
• Solubility thiab Formulation Compatibility:
Nervonic acid, raws li ib tug heev -ntev- saw monounsaturated fatty acid, yog ib yam khoom, waxy khoom nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub nrog ib tug melting point ntawm kwv yees li 42-43 degree. Cov yam ntxwv no cuam tshuam rau nws tus cwj pwm dispersion hauv roj-raws li lossis dej-raws li formulations. Cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum thov qhov sib thooj me me specifications los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom raws li daim ntawv npaj noj (mos capsules, microcapsule hmoov, emulsions, thiab lwm yam).
Xaus:
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm nervonic acid thiab fatty acids tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm peb theem. Nyob rau theem taxonomic, nervonic acid yog ib tus tswv cuab ntawm ultra-ntev- saw monounsaturated ω-9 fatty acid tsev neeg. Nyob rau theem metabolic, biosynthesis ntawm nervonic acid nyob ntawm cov pa roj carbon - chain elongation ntawm upstream fatty acids xws li oleic acid thiab erucic acid, thiab nws nyob rau hauv vivo qib yog sib koom tswj los ntawm fatty acid elongation enzyme systems thiab desaturation enzyme systems. Nyob rau theem ua haujlwm, nervonic acid, ua ke nrog rau lwm yam ultra- ntev-chain fatty acids (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog saturated C24: 0), synergistically tsim cov hydrophobic core ntawm myelin sphingomyelin, thiab cov kev hloov hauv nws cov ntsiab lus yog quantitatively correlated nrog ntau yam demyelinating kab mob.
Raws li cov txheej txheem biochemical saum toj no, Guanjie Biotechnology tau tsim cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis rau kev rho tawm, ua kom huv, tswj kom zoo, thiab tsim cov nervonic acid fatty acids. Lub tuam txhab tsom mus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov khoom lag luam nervonic acid hmoov, siv tag nrho - txheej txheem tswj kom zoo los ntawm cov khoom siv raw mus rau cov khoom tiav, thiab muab cov khoom lag luam rau B- cov neeg siv khoom kawg hauv ntau tshaj 100 lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb.
Rau cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, cov qauv, lossis cov kev pabcuam tsim khoom siv rau nervonic acid raw khoom, thov hu rau: info@gybiotech.com.
Cov ntaub ntawv
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