Indole-3-carbinol hmoovyog cov khoom siv kho mob hauv cov tshuaj thiab tshuaj, uas tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam nyob rau xyoo no. Broccoli yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm indole-3-carbinol. Tab sis ntau npaum li cas indole-3-carbinol nyob rau hauv broccoli? Lub ntsiab zaub indole-3-carbinol tsis muaj nyob rau hauv ntau npaum li ib tug ruaj khov compound nyob rau hauv tsis zoo broccoli. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim thaum glucosinolate glucobrassicin hydrolyzed (los ntawm enzyme myrosinase thaum zom, txiav, lossis los ntawm cov kab mob plab).
Tshaj tawm ntsuas I3C qib hauv broccoli (tshiab florets, stems, sprouts, noob) sib txawv ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb vim qhov sib txawv ntawm (a) qhov ntsuas (dawb I3C vs glucobrassicin los yog xam I3C), (b) analytical method thiab rhiab heev, (c) qauv hnyav (mprouts, noob), qhuav, noob qhia, thiab (e) ua/ua noj thiab cia. Tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm muaj xws li tsawg micrograms ib gram mus rau kaum lossis txawm pua pua milligrams rau 100 g tshiab qhov hnyav, nyob ntawm txoj kev thiab kev xav hloov. Cov peev txheej tseem ceeb thiab tus sawv cev ntsuas qhov muaj nuj nqis tau sau tseg hauv qab no.
I3C VS. ItsPrecursorGlucobrassicin
Broccoli (thiab lwm yam zaub cruciferous) muaj glucobrassicin, glucosinolate. Thaum cov ntaub so ntswg puas lawm ( zom, chopping), cov enzyme myrosinase hydrolyzes glucobrassicin thiab tsim ntau yam khoom tawg - cov khoom loj indole yog Indole 3 carbinol hmoov, ntxiv rau lwm yam indoles thiab nitriles. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig acidic plab, I3C yog tshuaj tsis ruaj khov thiab condenses rau cov khoom xws li 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) thiab ntau yam oligomers. Yog li, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb qhia txog glucobrassicin (tus thawj coj) thiab ncaj qha ntsuas qhov tsis pub dawb I3C lossis kwv yees qhov muaj peev xwm I3C tawm los ntawm glucobrassicin. Cov no yog cov lej sib txawv.
Ntawm cov molar hauv paus, kev hloov pauv ntawm glucobrassicin rau dawb I3C yog ib feem. Kev tshuaj xyuas kwv yees cov txiaj ntsig molar nyob ib puag ncig ~ 20% raws li cov xwm txheej hydrolysis (cog myrosinase → I3C thiab lwm yam indoles). Frontiers tshuaj xyuas kuj tseem sau txog qhov kwv yees molar tawm los thiab muab piv txwv hloov pauv rau sprouts. Qhov feem pua ntawm kev hloov pauv feem ntau yog siv los kwv yees qhov muaj peev xwm Indole 3 carbinol hmoov los ntawm ntsuas glucobrassicin.
Ntau npaum li cas Indole-3-Carbinol hauv Broccoli?
Hauv qab no yog cov ntaub ntawv sawv cev ntau npaum li cas los ntawm cov phooj ywg - cov kev tshawb fawb tshuaj xyuas. Vim tias kev tshawb fawb siv cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov chav nyob, kuv nthuav qhia cov txiaj ntsig tau tshaj tawm thiab qhia meej meej cov chav qhia thiab cov ntsiab lus.
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Kev ntsuas ncaj qha ntawm indole-3-carbinol hauv cov qauv broccoli
● Yuan li al., Phau ntawv Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis (2021), siv ib qho ultrasound- pab dispersive lim extraction thiab rhiab analytical txoj kev, cov sau phau ntawv ntsuas I3C nyob rau hauv txawv broccoli ntau yam thiab tshaj tawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 6.58 ug/g thiab 9.11 ug/g rau ob qho qauv kuaj (value broccoli). Qhov ntawd sib haum mus txog 0.658–0.911 mg rau 100 g tshiab broccoli (tsuas yog muab ug / g × 100 → ug / 100 g → faib los ntawm 1000 kom tau Indole 3 carbinol hmoov mg / 100 g). Txoj kev tshawb no tau hais txog kev soj ntsuam rhiab heev vim tias I3C yog labile thiab qis hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tsis zoo.
● Kokotou et al., siab-kev daws teeb meem MS (2017) tau tshaj tawm ntau tus lej muaj nuj nqis hauv kev sib piv siab -kev daws teeb meem loj spec txoj kev kawm: lawv tau tshaj tawm I3C cov ntsiab lus uas "varied ntawm 77 ± 1 thiab 117 ± 3 mg ib 100 g florets tshiab). Qhov ntawd yog tus lej ntau dua li qee qhov kev ntsuas ncaj qha; Kokotou et al. siv cov qauv kev npaj tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua kom muaj nuj nqis uas ua rau cov kev kwv yees siab dua rau Indole 3 carbinol hmoov thiab sulforaphane hauv qee cov qauv broccoli. (Saib kev sib tham hauv qab no txog cov txheej txheem txheej txheem rau qhov tsis sib xws.)
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Kev ntsuas / cov ntaub ntawv hais txog muaj peev xwm I3C
Nieto et al. (2023) - tshiab Bimi / sprouting broccoli - qhia glucobrassicin theem ntawm 22.46 ± 6.37 mg rau 100 g hauv Bimi® tshiab (ib sprouting broccoli cultivar) florets; Lwm cov glucosinolates (piv txwv li, glucoraphanin) muaj nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv. Yog tias ib tus siv qhov kwv yees qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov molar (saib Tshooj 4), qhov concentration ntawm glucobrassicin txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm I3C tawm los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sub-milligrams ib 100 g Indole 3 carbinol hmoov mus rau ob peb mg rau 100 g, nyob ntawm kev xav hloov pauv.
Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev tshawb fawb sib piv ntawm Brassica cov ntaub so ntswg qhia tias glucobrassicin concentrations ntau dua hauv cov noob thiab sprouts dua li hauv cov laus tua thiab florets - feem ntau ntau -fold rau kaum-fold siab dua hauv sprouts thiab noob piv rau cov laus broccoli. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev sib piv txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Lin et al. (2022) thiab cov ntaub ntawv sprout classic qhia tias sprouts tuaj yeem muaj cov txiaj ntsig glucosinolate ntau zaus ntau dua li cov nroj tsuag paub tab; qhov no ua rau muaj peev xwm ntau dua I3C / DIM tsim los ntawm sprouts.
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Lwm yam kev tshawb fawb / sau ntawv
Method reviews and analytical method articles highlight that reported Indole 3 carbinol powder numbers vary widely with analytical protocol, extraction solvents, stabilization steps, and whether the study measured free I3C, calculated I3C from glucobrassicin, or measured condensation products like DIM. Analytical limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) differ across laboratories, which explains at least part of the variation between microgram-per-gram and >10's mg rau 100 g qhia.
Cov ntaub ntawv compact
Nco tseg: Kuv nthuav tawm txhua tus nqi raws nraim li tau tshaj tawm hauv daim ntawv (units khaws cia). Qhov twg daim ntawv tshaj tawm ib -gram qhov tseem ceeb, kuv kuj sau qhov sib npaug ntawm ib-100 g Indole 3 carbinol hmoov rau kev sib piv kev noj zaub mov zoo.
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Source (xyoo) |
Qauv / ntsiab lus |
Tshaj tawm I3C lossis glucobrassicin |
Sib npaug rau 100 g tshiab |
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Yuan et al., J Pharm Anal (2021). |
Ob hom broccoli (cov qauv tshiab) |
I3C=6.58 ug/g thiab 9.11 ug/g |
0.658 mg / 100 g thiab 0.911 mg / 100 g |
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Kokotou et al., HR-MS (2017). |
Broccoli florets (ntau yam qauv) |
I3C=77 ± 1 - 117 ± 3 mg / 100 g (qhia ntau yam) |
77-117 mg / 100 g |
|
Nieto et al. (Bimi sprouts) (2023). |
Sprouting broccoli (tshiab Bimi) |
glucobrassicin=22.46 ± 6.37 mg / 100 g |
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Lin et al. (2022) kev ntsuam xyuas. |
Comparative (noob, sprouts vs mature) |
Glucosinolate tag nrho thiab glucobrassicin: ntau dua hauv cov noob / sprouts (piv txwv: sprouts ntau μmol / g fw; paub tab qis dua) |
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Frontiers tshuaj xyuas (Williams, 2021). |
Review/meta |
Molar tawm los ntawm I3C los ntawm glucobrassicin ~ 20%; piv txwv hloov pauv yields 0.11–0.18 mg/g qhuav hnyav rau Brussels sprouts (qhia qhia piv txwv) |
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Tshem tawm ntawm lub rooj:
That reported direct I3C measurements range from sub-mg per 100 g (0.66–0.91 mg/100 g) (Yuan) up to tens to >100 mg/100 g (Kokotou). Meanwhile, many studies measure glucobrassicin (the precursor) and use molar-conversion estimates (~20% molar yield) to estimate potential I3C Indole 3 carbinol powder formation. Those converted estimates often yield intermediate mg/100 g numbers. Differences in sample type (sprouts >>mature) thiab txoj kev piav qhia feem ntau qhov tsis sib xws.
Vim Li CasKev Ntsuas Ntawm Indole-3-Carbinol DifferSo Much?
Ntau yam txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thiab kab mob lom neeg ua rau muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb.
Dab tsi yog Indole 3 Carbinol Bib eingMyooj yim?
● Dawb I3C (ncaj qha):
Vim tias I3C tsis ruaj khov, kev ntsuas ncaj qha yuav tsum tau ceev faj, tshem tawm sai thiab ruaj khov. Cov kev tshawb fawb uas ntsuas dawb I3C ncaj qha feem ntau qhia cov nqi qis dua (micrograms per gram).
● Glucobrassicin (precursor) ntsuas thiab hloov pauv:
Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam ntsuas glucobrassicin (ib qho glucosinolate ruaj khov) thiab tom qab ntawd xam qhov muaj peev xwm Indole 3 carbinol hmoov tawm los siv stoichiometric lossis empirical conversion yam (xws li, ~ 20% molar yield). Qhov ntawd feem ntau ua rau cov lej "muaj peev xwm I3C" loj dua vim qhov kev suav suav suav tias muaj txiaj ntsig hydrolysis thiab hloov pauv.
Hom qauv: sprouts, noob, stems, florets
Broccoli sprouts thiab noob feem ntau muaj ntau dua glucosinolate concentrations (nrog rau glucobrassicin) dua cov florets paub tab. Yog li, sprouts tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau dua sulforaphane thiab ntshiab indole-3-carbinol hmoov (los yog nws cov cim tso zis DIM) ib gram dua li cov zaub qhwv paub tab. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb sib piv cov ntaub ntawv txiav txim siab ntau dua glucosinolate cov ntsiab lus hauv sprouts vs mature ntaub.
Fresh weight vs dry weight
Qee cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog ib g qhuav qhov hnyav (uas concentrates compounds) thiab lwm yam ntawm qhov hnyav tshiab. Cov lej qhuav qhuav yuav muaj ntau yam -fold siab dua qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov hnyav (vim cov zaub paj tshiab yog dej- nplua nuj). Nco ntsoov xyuas lub tsev.
Ua li casKev ua haujlwm?
Thaum tshav kub kub, blanching, boiling, thiab cia ntev yuav inactivate cog myrosinase thiab / los yog degrade I3C. Hloov pauv, kev cuam tshuam kev siv tshuab (txiav, zom) thiab sib txuas nrog cov khoom siv myrosinase (piv txwv li, noj zaub nyoos los yog maj mam siav zaub qhwv, los yog ntxiv cov noob txiv ntoo nrog myrosinase) tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv mus rau cov khoom tawg. Cov kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm qhia tau hais tias glucobrassicin thiab I3C (thiab ntsuas cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke) hloov pauv ntau nrog kev ua noj ua haus / kev ua haujlwm sib txawv.
Yuav ua li casI3C Txoj kev tsom xam?
Indole-3-carbinol hmoov yog acid-labile thiab thermally tsis ruaj khov; cov chaw kuaj mob uas siv cov kuab tshuaj stabilizing extraction, cov txheej txheem txias, los yog derivatization qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntau dua li cov chaw sim siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Kev txwv ntawm kev kuaj pom (LOD) thiab ntau npaum li cas (LOQ) cuam tshuam seb qhov me me ntawm I3C raug tshaj tawm lossis qis dua qhov kuaj pom. Kev tshuaj xyuas txoj hauv kev qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem rho tawm / tshuaj xyuas rau kev sib piv.
Xaus:
Indole-3-carbinol powder in broccoli is real but variably reported. Direct measured I3C in mature broccoli florets has been reported in the low microgram per gram range (e.g., 6.58–9.11 μg/g → ~0.66–0.91 mg/100 g) in careful analyses; other studies using different analytic approaches or reporting calculated yields from glucobrassicin report much higher and widely variable numerical values (tens to >100 mg / 100 g).
Feem ntau ntawm cov kev hloov pauv yog methodological thiab biological. Qhov sib txawv ntawm seb daim ntawv ntsuas dawb I3C vs glucobrassicin, tshiab vs qhuav qhov hnyav, sprout vs mature plant, thiab extraction/detection method account for most discrepancies.
Yog tias koj xav tau ntau ntau ntawm glucobrassicin- muab cov khoom lag luam rau ib gram, sprouts yeej florets paub tab. Tab sis cov tshuaj pab xa tawm ntau dua, zoo - cov koob tshuaj ntawm I3C lossis DIM tshaj li qhov xav tau los ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo. Kev tsim cov khoom siv no yuav tsum muaj kev tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws los xyuas kom meej purity, stability, thiab bioavailability. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb manufacturers ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Guanjie Biotech yog ib qho indole -3-carbinol tsum. Peb tsim cov khoom zoo I3C los ntawm kev tshaj tawm thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev lag luam nutraceutical thiab kev tshawb fawb. Peb muab cov khoom nyoos indole-3-carbinol hmoov rau cov tshuaj ntxiv. Peb cov hmoov indole-3-carbinol yog cov khoom zoo thiab kev sib tw. Txais tos kom nug nrog peb ntawminfo@gybiotech.com.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
[1] Williams, DE (2021). Indoles Tau Los Ntawm Glucobrassicin: Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Cancer los ntawm Indole-3-Carbinol thiab 3,3′-Diindolylmethane. Frontiers nyob rau hauv Khoom noj khoom haus. (Saib xyuas). (Kev sib tham txog glucobrassicin → I3C hloov dua siab tshiab, molar yields, thiab hauv vivo condensation rau DIM).
[2] Yuan, Y., Chen, H., Han, Y., Qiao, F., & Yan, H. (2021). Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, indole-3-carbinol, hauv broccoli siv lub ultrasound tshiab-pab dispersive-filter extraction method raws li poly(deep eutectic solvent)-graphene oxide nanocomposite. Phau ntawv Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 12(2). (Kev ntsuas ncaj qha: I3C=6.58 ug/g thiab 9.11 ug/g hauv cov qauv kuaj broccoli).
[3] Kokotou, MG, et al. (2017). Siab -kev daws teeb meem loj spectrometry kev tshawb fawb ntawm sulforaphane thiab indole-3-carbinol hauv broccoli. (Tshaj tawm I3C ranged 77 ± 1 txog 117 ± 3 mg rau 100 g hauv qee cov qauv floret; analytic method specifications tham).
[4] Nia, JA, et al. (2023). Fresh Brassicaceae sprouting broccoli (Bimi®): muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab glucosinolate profile. (Tshaj qhia txog glucobrassicin=22.46 ± 6.37 mg/100 g hauv Bimi florets tshiab).
[5] Lin, H., et al. (2022). Variation nyob rau hauv Glucosinolate tsub zuj zuj ntawm txawv Brassica qoob loo. (Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm glucosinolates hla cov noob, sprouts, tua, thiab cov hauv paus hniav, thiab feem ntau ntau dua nyob rau hauv sprouts / noob).
[6] Karanikolopoulou, S., et al. (2021). Cov txheej txheem tam sim no rau kev rho tawm thiab tshuaj xyuas Isothiocyanates thiab Indoles los ntawm Cruciferous Zaub. Kev tshuaj xyuas MDPI (txoj kev sib txawv thiab cov kev sib tw analytical).
